Integrated Geophysical Approach of Groundwater Potential in Wadi Ranyah, Saudi Arabia, Using Gravity, Electrical Resistivity, and Remote-Sensing Techniques

In order to cope with the rise in human-caused demands, Saudi Arabia is exploring new groundwater sources. The potential of Wadi Ranyah was studied using a multi-dataset-integrated approach that included time-variable gravity data from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), vertical electrical sounding (VES), time-domain-electromagnetic (TDEM) other related datasets examine variations occurrence storage define controlling factors affecting southwestern Arabia. Between April 2002 December 2021, estimated variation resources −3.85 ± 0.15 mm/yr. From 2019, area observed an average yearly precipitation rate 100 mm. sedimentary succession underlying fractured basement rocks are influenced by structural patterns run mainly three different trends (NW, NE, NS). cover varies 0 27 m thickness. outputs revealed four primary geoelectric units study area: on top, highly resistant geoelectrical unit resistivity 235–1020 Ω.m, composed unsorted, loose, recent sediments; this followed layer gravel coarse-grained sands 225–980 Ω.m; then, water-bearing saturated sediments weathered, fractured, crystalline 40–105 its depth varying 4 ~9 m; then lowest fourth massive higher values 4780 7850 Ω.m. seven built dams store surface-water runoff part wadi, close upstream section, addition dam, as eighth one located middle wadi. subsurface NW- NS-trending fault lines impede flowing downstream forming isolated grabens. Minimal surface might occur northern combined findings beneficial because they provide complete picture patterns. Using integrated technique, arid semiarid regions can now be accurately assessed.